Pollination 獼猴桃授粉,英文版算是比較全面的了
During spring when the flowers begin to open, the bees and orchard managers are working hard to ensure a successful pollination in the orchards.
獼猴桃授粉
在春天，當(dāng)花朵開始開放時，蜜蜂和果園管理人員正在努力確保果園中的授粉成功。
▲kiwi pollen blower
Kiwifruit flowers are very difficult to pollinate successfully. This is due to their lack of nectar, the number of pollen grains required, the cost of pollen, the weather during this period of the year, and the synchronisation of flowers opening.
獼猴桃花很難成功授粉。這是由于它們?nèi)狈?、所需花粉粒的?shù)量、花粉的成本、一年中這段時間的天氣以及花朵開放的同步性。
▲Bee pollination
Kiwifruit flowers don’t have nectar, which means they are not attractive to bees who would much prefer the clover in the grass of the neighbours flowers. To combat this, beekeepers and managers must feed the bees “sugar water” as a replacement for nectar.
獼猴桃花沒有花蜜，這意味著它們對蜜蜂沒有吸引力，因為蜜蜂更喜歡鄰居花中的三葉草。為了解決這個問題，養(yǎng)蜂人和管理者必須給蜜蜂喂“糖水”來代替花蜜。
▲Bee pollination
Each female kiwifruit flower requires 3,000 grains of pollen. This means a bee must visit a single flower multiple times before it can turn into a flower. Even if orchardists apply pollen mechanically or by hand, the cost of pollen is a huge restriction to the pollination process. Just 1kg of pollen in the 2023 season costs $12,000 - $15,000. Because of this, many growers rely on natural pollination, or apply at small rates which may not be sufficient.
▲kiwipollen
每朵雌性獼猴桃花需要3000?；ǚ?。這意味著蜜蜂必須多次拜訪一朵花才能變成花。即使果園主機械或手工施用花粉，花粉的成本也是授粉過程的巨大限制。2023年，僅1公斤花粉的價格就在12000至15000美元之間。因此，許多種植者依賴自然授粉，或者以可能不夠的小劑量施用。
▲picking kiwi flowers
The weather over the pollination period is also crucial as bees are not active during the rain. During the pollination season in mid spring, weather events often occur in the middle of 100% full bloom. The flowers open up at different times across an orchard, and managers must balance the inputs to equal the rate of open flowers (e.g. 10% flowers open = 10% of total hives required or 10% of artificial pollen applied).
授粉期間的天氣也很關(guān)鍵，因為蜜蜂在下雨時不活躍。在仲春的授粉季節(jié)，天氣事件通常發(fā)生在100%盛開的中期?；ǘ湓诠麍@的不同時間開放，管理者必須平衡投入，以等于開放花朵的比例（例如，10%的花朵開放=所需蜂箱總數(shù)的10%或施用的人工花粉的10%）。
▲ Kiwi Fruit Male
There are two different kinds of artificial pollen (human applied pollen). These are dry pollen and wet pollen. Dry pollen is as it sounds, which is dry pollen grains blown up into the canopy. Wet pollen is when pollen is mixed with water and dye to become visible and sprayed on the flowers by hand or machine. Wet pollen is often used closer to wet weather events. Kiwi Pollen states that dry pollen is best when male flowering is less than optimum, orchards have insufficient male vines, and when requiring a pollen top up. Wet pollination is best for insufficient male vines, bee pollination is not sufficient, when bees prefer other crops, and when wind rain and cold weather is affecting bees.
有兩種不同類型的人工花粉（人類應(yīng)用花粉）。這些是干花粉和濕花粉。聽起來，干花粉是指被吹入樹冠的干花粉粒。濕花粉是指花粉與水和染料混合后，用手或機器噴灑在花朵上。濕花粉通常在接近潮濕天氣事件時使用。Kiwi Pollen指出，當(dāng)雄花不太理想、果園沒有足夠的雄藤以及需要補充花粉時，干花粉是最好的。濕授粉最適合雄性藤蔓不足、蜜蜂授粉不足、蜜蜂喜歡其他作物、風(fēng)雨和寒冷天氣影響蜜蜂的情況。
▲pollinate kiwifruit
Orchards with overhead hail cover also cause issues for bees as they can get lost if they do not have external objects to navigate home to the hive. This causes up to 40% of bees getting lost and dying which is costly for the beekeeper.
頭頂有冰雹覆蓋的果園也會給蜜蜂帶來問題，因為如果它們沒有外部物體導(dǎo)航到蜂巢，它們可能會迷路。這導(dǎo)致高達40%的蜜蜂迷路和死亡，這對養(yǎng)蜂人來說代價高昂。
▲pollinate kiwifruit
Pollination is one of the few things which can hugely affect an orchards performance based on numbers of fruit correctly pollinated, dry matter levels, and the overall quality of fruit.
根據(jù)正確授粉的果實數(shù)量、干物質(zhì)水平和果實的整體質(zhì)量，授粉是極少數(shù)會對果園性能產(chǎn)生巨大影響的因素之一。
▲Zunyi Bohong Kiwi Fruit Industry Co., Ltd. is the largest kiwi fruit industry company in Guizhou Province, planting 1200 acres of high-altitude kiwifruit. It is a leading agricultural enterprise in Zunyi City and an advanced poverty alleviation enterprise at the municipal level. The kiwi pollen project is the largest single area macaque peach blossom pollen orchard in China, with a single pollen collection area of 400 acres. During the high-yield period, 400 kilograms of pollen are produced, providing high-quality, high ploidy, and high activity kiwi pollen that can meet the pollen needs of 30000 acres of orchards. Contact WeChat 18030405084 tel 86 18030405084
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