▲Electric air-blowing pollination machinery is used to pollinate kiwifruit
Today we are going to talk about the importance of Kiwi fruit pollination and the importance of Pollination in Kiwi fruit production. So we know that the kiwi fruit plant is either male or female. That is why when we are planning to plant a kiwifruit orchard, it is important to plant one male plant for every Nine female plants. If one male plant is not planted then 9 female plants will also not bear fruit.
今天我們就來(lái)談?wù)?span id="5t33h71" class='wp_keywordlink'>獼猴桃授粉的重要性以及授粉在獼猴桃生產(chǎn)中的重要性。所以我們知道獼猴桃植株要么是雄性，要么是雌性。這就是為什么當(dāng)我們計(jì)劃種植獼猴桃果園時(shí)，每九株雌性植物種植一株雄性植物非常重要。如果不種植一株雄株，那么九株雌株也不會(huì)結(jié)果。
▲Kiwi pollination by honey bee
So April and May are the right time for pollination because at this time both the male and female flowers are in bloom. So we can see that the female plant has a bump before the flowers bloom. After that, the flower opens a little. it’s a different phenological stage of the flower, And in the last stages, the flower is in full bloom. which you can also see in the picture.
所以四月和五月是授粉的最佳時(shí)間，因?yàn)榇藭r(shí)雄花和雌花都盛開(kāi)。所以我們可以看到雌株在開(kāi)花前有一個(gè)凸起。之后，花會(huì)稍微開(kāi)放。這是花的不同物候階段，在最后階段，花盛開(kāi)。您也可以在圖片中看到。
▲Extraction of pollen grain from anther
Table of Contents
Differences between Male and female Kiwi fruit flowers
Female Kiwi fruit flower
Male Kiwi fruit flower
Importance of Kiwi fruit pollination
Pollination in Kiwi fruit
Pollination by insect
Pollination by pollen extractor/rupture method
Hand Pollination
How are kiwi fruits pollinated?
Is kiwi fruit self-pollinating?
What is the agent of pollination of the kiwi fruit?
Do kiwis need bees?
Is Kiwi cross-pollinated?
▲采摘獼猴桃雄花
目錄
獼猴桃雌雄花的差異
雌性獼猴桃花
獼猴桃雄花
獼猴桃授粉的重要性
獼猴桃授粉
昆蟲授粉
花粉提取器/破裂法授粉
人工授粉
獼猴桃是如何授粉的？
獼猴桃是自花授粉的嗎？
獼猴桃的授粉劑是什么？
獼猴桃需要蜜蜂嗎？
獼猴桃是異花授粉的嗎？
▲ Full bloom 盛開(kāi)的獼猴桃花
This is a female flower, its female part is in the middle and this which is yellow on the side is the male part. I will tell you later how to distinguish both flowers.
This is a flower whose pollination is done by hand, that is called hand pollination. After pollination, these petals become yellow and fall off. After this, the fruit setting is done. This fruit gradually increases in size and after about 200 days it becomes ready for harvest.
So today’s main issue is Kiwi fruit pollination and before that, we will know how Kiwi flowers look.
Differences between Male and female Kiwi fruit flowers
▲獼猴桃雌花、獼猴桃雄花
這是一朵雌花，雌花部分在中間，旁邊黃色的是雄花部分。稍后我會(huì)告訴你如何區(qū)分這兩種花。
這是一種靠手工授粉的花，即所謂的手工授粉。授粉后，這些花瓣變黃并脫落。此后，坐果就完成了。這種果實(shí)的大小逐漸增大，大約 200 天后就可以收獲了。
所以今天的主要問(wèn)題是獼猴桃授粉，在此之前我們先來(lái)了解一下獼猴桃花的樣子。
獼猴桃雌雄花的區(qū)別、雌性獼猴桃果花
This part of the mother’s flower is the female part, which is called multi carpellary stigma. Now see, this is the female flower, it has both male and female parts, but these are called fake pollen. These male parts are called anthers and are called fake anthers as they are not very viable. That’s why it is called the female flower.
▲feMale Kiwi fruit flower
母花的這部分是雌性部分，稱為多心皮柱頭?，F(xiàn)在看，這是雌花，它有雄性和雌性部分，但這些被稱為假花粉。這些雄性部分被稱為花藥，也被稱為假花藥，因?yàn)樗鼈兊幕盍Σ粡?qiáng)。這就是為什么它被稱為雌花。
▲新西蘭的獼猴桃雄花園Kiwi Male Garden in New Zealand
雄性獼猴桃果花
The second flower is the male flower. There is no female part in it. it has very prominent anthers. Anther has a large number of pollen grains. when both male and female flowers are in full bloom and when the pollen of male flowers meets with the stigma of the female flower. then after the pollen tube develops it later becomes fruit.
第二朵花是雄花。里面沒(méi)有女性部分。它有非常突出的花藥。花藥有大量花粉粒。當(dāng)雄花和雌花都盛開(kāi)并且雄花的花粉與雌花的柱頭相遇時(shí)。然后花粉管發(fā)育后就會(huì)變成果實(shí)。
▲Kiwi pollination by honey bee
Importance of Kiwi fruit pollination
Scientifically 100 grams of kiwi fruit contains around 1000 seeds. In the case of kiwi fruit, especially in the fruit market, the size of the kiwi matters a lot. If our kiwi fruit is above 100 grams then we will categorize it into A- grade fruit. And it gets a very good price in the market.
獼猴桃授粉的重要性
科學(xué)地講，100克獼猴桃含有大約1000顆種子。就獼猴桃而言，尤其是在水果市場(chǎng)上，獼猴桃的大小非常重要。如果我們的獼猴桃在100克以上，那么我們就將其歸類為A級(jí)水果。并且在市場(chǎng)上獲得了非常好的價(jià)格。
▲Photo of red kiwi fruit pollination
In 100 gms Kiwi fruit contains about 1000 seeds. How are these seeds formed? Seeds are formed in the process of pollination. To form one seed, 10 times more pollen is used. So to form 1000 seeds, 10000 pollen will be used. So pollination plays an important role in kiwi fruit quality and production.
100 克獼猴桃中含有約 1000 粒種子。這些種子是怎樣形成的呢？種子是在授粉過(guò)程中形成的。為了形成一顆種子，需要使用10倍的花粉。因此，要形成1000個(gè)種子，將使用10000 個(gè)花粉。因此授粉對(duì)獼猴桃的品質(zhì)和產(chǎn)量起著重要作用。
▲Training on Pollination Techniques for Kiwi Orchard
Pollination in Kiwi fruit
This is a very broad aspect of kiwi fruit cultivation. Because if it is not pollinated then it will not produce fruit. If it happens on its own or without full pollen grains. then the size of the Kiwi fruit will be small or NOT proper healthy fruit will not be formed, so pollination determines what size the fruit will be. In Kiwi, the pollination process takes place in many ways. We will discuss some of those methods below
獼猴桃授粉
這是獼猴桃種植的一個(gè)非常廣泛的方面。因?yàn)槿绻皇诜?，就不?huì)結(jié)出果實(shí)。如果它單獨(dú)發(fā)生或沒(méi)有完整的花粉粒。那么獼猴桃的果實(shí)就會(huì)變小或者無(wú)法形成不健康的果實(shí)，因此授粉決定了果實(shí)的大小。在獼猴桃中，授粉過(guò)程通過(guò)多種方式進(jìn)行。我們將在下面討論其中一些方法
▲播宏果業(yè)是貴州省最大的獼猴桃種植公司，種植1200畝高山獼猴桃，其中獼猴桃花粉項(xiàng)目是中國(guó)單體面積最大的獼猴桃花粉園，豐產(chǎn)期產(chǎn)花粉400公斤，提供高品質(zhì)、高倍體、高活性的獼猴桃花粉。聯(lián)系微信18030405084
Pollination by insect
As in other fruits, the mode of pollination or pollinator is an insect such as a bee. In this kiwi fruit pollination, the bee carries different pollens to the female flowers. However, the petals in kiwi flowers do not contain a higher amount of nectar which does not attract honey bees resulting in lesser pollen transfer. Nectar plays an important role in honey sweetness.
昆蟲授粉
與其他水果一樣，授粉方式或傳粉媒介是昆蟲，例如蜜蜂。在這次獼猴桃授粉中，蜜蜂將不同的花粉帶到雌花上。然而，獼猴桃花的花瓣不含有大量的花蜜，這不會(huì)吸引蜜蜂，從而導(dǎo)致花粉轉(zhuǎn)移較少?；蹖?duì)蜂蜜的甜度起著重要作用。
▲Kiwi pollination by honey bee
If we keep bee boxes in the orchard it would be helpful for pollination but in the case of the kiwi orchard, it won’t help us much. So let’s see what we can do for adequate pollination in Kiwi orchards. so that we could get a good size of kiwi fruit
Pollination by pollen extractor/rupture method
In developed countries, they use the method of pollen extractor. They remove or extract the anthers from these male flowers. After that dry all the anthers at 25-30 degrees Celsius but not in direct sunlight.After that pollen grains get out
▲Extraction of pollen grain from anther
如果我們?cè)诠麍@里放蜂箱，這將有助于授粉，但對(duì)于獼猴桃果園來(lái)說(shuō)，這對(duì)我們沒(méi)有多大幫助。那么讓我們看看我們可以做些什么來(lái)為獼猴桃果園提供充足的授粉。這樣我們就能得到大小合適的獼猴桃
花粉提取器/破裂法授粉
在發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家，他們使用花粉提取器的方法。他們從這些雄花中去除或提取花藥。然后將所有花藥在25-30攝氏度下干燥，但不要在陽(yáng)光直射下干燥。之??后花粉粒就會(huì)出來(lái)
▲干燥獼猴桃花粉
9-11 am is the best time for pollination. So in between this time, we will spray/sprinkle the pollen grains on the female flower with the help of a brush. After that pollination process takes place
上午9點(diǎn)至11點(diǎn)是授粉的最佳時(shí)間。因此，在這段時(shí)間之間，我們將借助刷子將花粉粒噴灑/撒在雌花上。授粉過(guò)程發(fā)生后
▲Training on Pollination Techniques for Kiwi Orchard
Many times the male flower does not bloom at the same time as the female flower. That is why there is no synchronization between male and female flowers. In that condition, we can harvest and store anthers or pollen grains source at -20 degrees Celsius in a tube or any storage container. And we can use the stored pollen for one year or we can use that pollen grain source for next year.
很多時(shí)候雄花不會(huì)與雌花同時(shí)開(kāi)花。這就是雄花和雌花之間不同步的原因。在這種情況下，我們可以在-20攝氏度下收獲花藥或花粉粒源并將其儲(chǔ)存在管子或任何儲(chǔ)存容器中。我們可以使用儲(chǔ)存的花粉一年，也可以使用明年的花粉粒源。
▲將花粉置于冰箱零下18℃冷凍室保存
Hand Pollination
So the first effective method is hand pollination. we have an option of hand pollination here in India. In hand pollination When the female flower is in full bloom, the female flower is just touched by the male flower between 9-11 am in the morning. One male flower can touch 7-8 female flowers.
female flower is just touched by the male flower
▲獼猴桃對(duì)花授粉方法圖片
人工授粉
所以第一個(gè)有效的方法就是人工授粉。在印度，我們可以選擇人工授粉。手工授粉 當(dāng)雌花盛開(kāi)時(shí)，雌花在上午 9 點(diǎn)至 11 點(diǎn)之間剛好與雄花接觸。一朵雄花可以接觸7-8朵雌花。
雌花剛剛被雄花碰到
By this process, we do hand pollination in kiwi fruit. Due to this process, the color of the petals turns yellow and falls and after that, the formation of fruits starts.
These are all methods with the help of which pollination takes place in kiwi fruit. Due to a lack of proper pollination, fruit quality and production can be greatly affected. You can pollinate a kiwi plant using all the methods discussed above.
通過(guò)這個(gè)過(guò)程，我們對(duì)獼猴桃進(jìn)行人工授粉。由于這個(gè)過(guò)程，花瓣的顏色變黃并掉落，之后開(kāi)始形成果實(shí)。
這些都是獼猴桃授粉的方法。由于缺乏適當(dāng)?shù)氖诜?，水果的品質(zhì)和產(chǎn)量會(huì)受到很大影響。您可以使用上述所有方法為獼猴桃植物授粉。
▲授粉受精成功的雌花，花瓣變?yōu)辄S色
How are kiwi fruits pollinated?
In the kiwi fruit plant, there are male and female plants. Every 9 female plants required one male plant. In the pollination process, the male flower of the kiwi plant contains anthers and in the male flower, it has 1000 pollen grains. When the pollen of the male flower meets with the stigma in the female flower then the pollen tube develops and later it becomes fruit. The more the pollen grain meets on the female stigma healthier the Kiwi fruit and its size.
獼猴桃是如何授粉的？
獼猴桃植株有雄性植株和雌性植株。每 9 株雌株需要一株雄株。在授粉過(guò)程中，獼猴桃植物的雄花含有花藥，雄花中有1000個(gè)花粉粒。當(dāng)雄花的花粉與雌花的柱頭相遇時(shí)，花粉管發(fā)育，然后成為果實(shí)?；ǚ哿Ｔ诖菩灾^上接觸的越多，獼猴桃的果實(shí)及其大小就越健康。
▲新西蘭的獼猴桃雄花園Kiwi Male Garden in New Zealand
Is kiwi fruit self-pollinating?
No kiwi fruit is not self-pollinating, it requires cross-pollination between male and female plant flowers. It is very important to have both male and female plants in the kiwi orchard. One male plant can pollinate 9 female plants. However, there are some varieties of kiwi under research for self-pollination.
獼猴桃是自花授粉嗎？
獼猴桃果實(shí)不是自花授粉的，它需要雄性和雌性植物花之間的異花授粉。在獼猴桃園中同時(shí)擁有雄性和雌性植物非常重要。一株雄性植物可以為九株雌性植物授粉。然而，有一些獼猴桃品種正在研究自花授粉。
▲Kiwi pollination▲
What is the agent of pollination of the kiwi fruit?
The primary agents of kiwi fruit pollination are bees, honey bees, and other insects. Without pollination, the kiwi plant does not bear fruit. However, insects like honey bees are not a suitable method because kiwi flowers do not contain nectar and hence honey bees are less attracted to the kiwi plant.
獼猴桃的授粉劑是什么？
獼猴桃授粉的主要媒介是蜜蜂、蜜蜂和其他昆蟲。如果沒(méi)有授粉，獼猴桃植物就不會(huì)結(jié)果。然而，像蜜蜂這樣的昆蟲并不是一個(gè)合適的方法，因?yàn)楂J猴桃花不含花蜜，因此蜜蜂對(duì)獼猴桃植物的吸引力較小。
▲sungold kiwi orchard
Do kiwis need bees?
Pollinator agents like bees are not very effective in kiwi pollination because, in the petals of kiwi, flowers have a minor amount of nectar. so that bees are not attracted to the kiwi flower resulting in less pollen transfer by bees to the female flower. So the bees are not effective for Kiwis
獼猴桃需要蜜蜂嗎？
蜜蜂等傳粉媒介在獼猴桃授粉中不是很有效，因?yàn)樵讷J猴桃的花瓣中，花朵含有少量的花蜜。這樣蜜蜂就不會(huì)被獼猴桃花吸引，從而減少了蜜蜂向雌花轉(zhuǎn)移花粉。所以蜜蜂對(duì)新西蘭人沒(méi)有效果
▲Kiwi pollination by honey bee
Is Kiwi cross-pollinated?
Yes, kiwis are cross-pollinated when a male flower`s pollen grains come in contact with the female stigma.
獼猴桃是異花授粉的嗎？
是的，當(dāng)雄花的花粉粒與雌花的柱頭接觸時(shí)，獼猴桃就會(huì)異花授粉。
▲Kiwi pollination by honey bee
▲Male Kiwi fruit flower
▲獼猴桃花粉電子顯微鏡下照片
▲Kiwi pollination by honey bee
▲Kiwi pollination by honey bee
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