Claims by New Zealand First that Otago University research shows the bacterial disease Psa-V entered New Zealand on imported pollen from China are being challenged.
新西蘭第一航空公司聲稱，奧塔哥大學的研究表明，細菌性疾病Psa-V通過從中國進口的花粉進入新西蘭，這一說法正受到挑戰(zhàn)。
▲picking kiwi flowers
Otago University associate professor Russell Poulter told SunLive today the research paper just released makes no definite claim as to how Psa likely entered New Zealand.
奧塔哥大學副教授Russell Poulter今天告訴SunLive，剛剛發(fā)布的研究論文沒有明確說明Psa可能是如何進入新西蘭的。
PSA has infected kiwifruit vines and devastated the industry.
PSA感染了獼猴桃藤，摧毀了整個行業(yè)。
▲陽光金果g3獼猴桃
Russell was responding to a statement made by the political party yesterday that stated:
'It is understood that Otago University associate professor Russell Poulter undertook genetic analysis to trace the Psa bacteria which he found had entered New Zealand from China through Kiwi Pollen Ltd.”
拉塞爾是對該黨昨天發(fā)表的一份聲明的回應，該聲明稱：“據(jù)了解，奧塔哥大學副教授Russell Poulter進行了基因分析，以追蹤他發(fā)現(xiàn)的通過新西蘭花粉有限公司從中國進入新西蘭的Psa細菌?！?/p>
▲Kiwi pollination by honey bee
While Russell's work did indicate a Chinese origin for the strain of bacteria that has devastated New Zealand kiwifruit, it did not determine how it got to this country.
雖然Russell的工作確實表明了破壞新西蘭獼猴桃的細菌菌株的中國起源，但它并沒有確定它是如何到達這個國家的。
▲picking kiwi flowers
'The Sapere Report does suggest the KiwiPollen anther import is a plausible route of entry. However, this is their suggestion based on their analysis. The data that indicates a Chinese origin strengthens the Sapere opinion,” he said.
“Sapere報告確實表明KiwiPollen花藥進口是一種可行的進入途徑。然而，這是他們根據(jù)分析提出的建議。顯示中國血統(tǒng)的數(shù)據(jù)加強了Sapere的觀點，”他說。
▲Kiwi pollination by honey bee
The Sapere Report was commissioned by the Ministry for Primary Industries to review import requirements and boarder processes following the arrival of Psa-V.
Kiwifruit Vine Health CEO Barry O'Neil says it is his understanding that it is not possible to tell from the studies when Psa-V arrived in New Zealand, or how.
初級產(chǎn)業(yè)部委托Sapere報告審查Psa-V抵達后的進口要求和邊境流程。
Kiwifruit Vine Health首席執(zhí)行官Barry O'Neil表示，據(jù)他了解，從研究中無法判斷Psa-V何時抵達新西蘭，以及如何抵達。
▲紅心獼猴桃▲
'We understand three groups of researchers, including Professor Poulter, have all concluded that the New Zealand strain of Psa-V originated from China. The studies were reported at the recent Psa-V symposium in Tauranga,” he says.
“我們了解到，包括Poulter教授在內(nèi)的三組研究人員都得出結論，新西蘭的Psa-V毒株起源于中國。最近在陶朗加舉行的Psa-V研討會上報告了這些研究，”他說。
Seeka Kiwifruit Industries CEO Michael Franks also questions the New Zealand First statement.
Seeka Kiwifruit Industries首席執(zhí)行官Michael Franks也對新西蘭優(yōu)先的聲明表示質(zhì)疑。
▲Extraction of pollen grain from anther
'I am not sure that the press release from NZ First is entirely accurate and would prefer to see the published output from Russell Poulter before commenting.
'I understand that there is no publication yet.”
“我不確定NZ First的新聞稿是否完全準確，在發(fā)表評論之前，我更希望看到Russell Poulter公布的結果。
“我知道還沒有出版。”
▲Bee pollination
Michael says a number of post-harvest companies including Seeka are talking with their growers about the potential for redress when and if such a report on the source of Psa was published.
Michael說，包括Seeka在內(nèi)的一些收獲后公司正在與他們的種植者討論，如果發(fā)布了關于Psa來源的報告，何時以及是否有可能進行補救。
▲Kiwi pollination by honey bee
In its statement yesterday New Zealand First warned Government cuts to biosecurity would lead to another disaster 'to match the Psa kiwifruit bacteria outbreak which has been identified as reaching the country in a consignment of anthers from Shaanxi Province in China to Kiwi Pollen Ltd in June 2009”.
新西蘭第一公司在昨天的聲明中警告說，政府削減生物安全措施將導致另一場災難，“與2009年6月從中國陜西省向奇異花粉有限公司運送的一批花藥中發(fā)現(xiàn)的Psa獼猴桃細菌爆發(fā)相匹配”。
Winston Peters says Government assurances that it has been objective and rigorous in investigating the biosecurity breach are hollow.
▲Male Kiwi fruit flower
'The Government is going about an inquiry seeking to avoid the truth because that means countless expensive court cases for failing to exercise a duty of care.
'There is no doubt that the Government's lax biosecurity allowed the Psa virus to enter New Zealand undetected from China.
Winston Peters說，政府保證在調(diào)查生物安全漏洞方面是客觀和嚴格的，這是空洞的。
“政府正在進行一項調(diào)查，試圖回避真相，因為這意味著無數(shù)昂貴的法庭案件未能履行謹慎義務。
“毫無疑問，政府松懈的生物安全措施使Psa病毒能夠從中國不被發(fā)現(xiàn)地進入新西蘭。
▲zespri redkiwi
'Psa continues to cause havoc in the kiwifruit industry. Jobs have been lost and massive financial and mental pain inflicted on innocent fruit growers.
'Of real concern are Government cuts to biosecurity which have significantly weakened our border controls. They include the loss of 25 frontline staff since 2008, and $2 million of cuts to biosecurity budgets since 2009.
Psa繼續(xù)對獼猴桃產(chǎn)業(yè)造成嚴重破壞。失去了工作，無辜的水果種植者遭受了巨大的經(jīng)濟和精神痛苦。
“真正令人擔憂的是政府對生物安全的削減，這大大削弱了我們的邊境管制。其中包括自2008年以來失去了25名一線工作人員，以及自2009年以來削減了200萬美元的生物安全預算。
▲Kiwi male and female flowers
'It's obvious that the Government hasn't learned anything from the Psa outbreak but New Zealand First is willing to give it a short, sharp lesson.
'Biosecurity needs to be beefed up to prevent the devastation of other important primary industries, not cut back to save a few dollars,” says Winston.
“很明顯，政府沒有從Psa疫情中吸取任何教訓，但新西蘭第一愿意給它一個簡短而尖銳的教訓。
溫斯頓說：“生物安全需要加強，以防止其他重要的初級產(chǎn)業(yè)遭受破壞，而不是為了節(jié)省幾美元而削減?！薄?/p>
▲Female Kiwi fruit flower
Associate Professor Russell Poulter, Professor Iain Lamont and Dr Margi Butler, all from the University of Otago's Department of Biochemistry, have been working with the kiwifruit industry since the Psa (Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae) bacterium was first detected in a Te Puke orchard in November 2010.
奧塔哥大學生物化學系的Russell Poulter副教授、Iain Lamont教授和Margi Butler博士自2010年11月在Te Puke果園首次檢測到Psa（Pseudomonas syringae pv.actinidae）細菌以來，一直與獼猴桃產(chǎn)業(yè)合作。
▲Kiwi pollination▲
Initially, the technology was not available within New Zealand to carry out sequencing the whole genetic code of the New Zealand Psa strain.
The arrival of new advanced genomics technology – through the government funded initiative, New Zealand Genomics Limited – allowed the Otago biochemists to show the New Zealand strain was significantly different from the Italian strain and, therefore, Italy could not have been the source. Critically, it also put to bed any rumours that New Zealand may have been the source of historical Italian outbreaks.
An article on the university's website says that through a process of elimination, Chinese pollen appears to be the likely source of New Zealand's outbreak.
▲sungold g3 kiwi orchard
最初，新西蘭國內(nèi)沒有這項技術來對新西蘭Psa毒株的整個遺傳密碼進行測序。
通過政府資助的新西蘭基因組有限公司，新的先進基因組學技術的到來使奧塔哥生物化學家能夠證明新西蘭菌株與意大利菌株有顯著不同，因此意大利不可能是來源。至關重要的是，它還平息了任何關于新西蘭可能是意大利歷史疫情爆發(fā)源的謠言。
該大學網(wǎng)站上的一篇文章稱，通過消除過程，中國花粉似乎是新西蘭疫情爆發(fā)的可能來源。
▲Kiwi pollination▲
The Otago biochemists have been able to source some Chinese Psa samples for sequencing and the results indicate that China is the original source of both the Italian and New Zealand outbreaks. More recently, Psa has been confirmed in Chile and work has begun on sequencing these strains. Preliminary data suggests that the Chilean strain also originates from China.
Russell Poulter says the question of whether the New Zealand outbreak may have come via Chile may soon be answered, by using the NZGL sequencing process and comparing the results with the information they have gathered to date.
▲packaging kiwipollen
奧塔哥生物化學家已經(jīng)能夠獲得一些中國Psa樣本進行測序，結果表明中國是意大利和新西蘭疫情的原始來源。最近，Psa在智利得到證實，并開始對這些菌株進行測序。初步數(shù)據(jù)表明，智利毒株也源自中國。
Russell Poulter表示，通過使用NZGL測序過程并將結果與迄今為止收集的信息進行比較，新西蘭疫情是否可能通過智利爆發(fā)的問題可能很快就會得到回答。
▲picking kiwi flowers
▲Pollen Collection獼猴桃花采集
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