Kiwifruit Growing Guide 獼猴桃種植指南
Header Kiwi - Garden Express Australia
What is Kiwifruit?
Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) also known as Chinese Gooseberry is a deciduous fruiting vine. It is part of the Actinidiaceae family and is native to China. Kiwifruit are dioecious plants, which means they need both male and female plants to pollinate. One male will pollinate up to five females however most gardens will only have one of each as they can take up a large space. They are a long lasting plant able to live and bear fruit for up to 20 + years. Once planted female vines take 4 to 5 years to mature before they will start bearing fruit. Kiwifruit is a deciduous vine that produces large plum shaped fruits that have furry green/brown skins and green pulp inside. Their leaves are oval, mid green and are also furry. The flowers are pale yellow and have five petals. Kiwifruit do best in climates with warm Summers and cool Winters with sufficient ‘chilling hours’. In warmer zones, look for ‘low chill’ varieties of kiwifruit that will still fruit successfully.
▲新西蘭陽(yáng)光金果
獼猴桃（Actinidia deliciosa）也被稱為中國(guó)鵝莓，是一種落葉果樹。它是獼猴桃科的一部分，原產(chǎn)于中國(guó)。獼猴桃是雌雄異株植物，這意味著它們需要雄性和雌性植物授粉。一只雄性將為多達(dá)五只雌性授粉，但大多數(shù)花園只會(huì)有一只雌性，因?yàn)樗鼈儠?huì)占用很大的空間。它們是一種持久的植物，能夠存活和結(jié)果長(zhǎng)達(dá)20多年。一旦種植，雌性葡萄藤需要4到5年的時(shí)間才能成熟，然后才能開始結(jié)果。獼猴桃是一種落葉藤蔓植物，結(jié)出大型李形果實(shí)，果實(shí)有毛茸茸的綠色/棕色表皮和綠色果肉。它們的葉子是橢圓形的，中綠色的，也是毛茸茸的。這些花是淡黃色的，有五片花瓣。獼猴桃在夏季溫暖、冬季涼爽、有足夠“冷藏時(shí)間”的氣候中表現(xiàn)最好。在溫暖的地區(qū)，尋找“低溫”的獼猴桃品種，這些品種仍然會(huì)成功結(jié)出果實(shí)。
▲獼猴桃怎么購(gòu)買
Kiwifruit produce fruit on current season’s growth that is growing from buds on one year old wood (previous season canes). Fruit is formed on the first 3 – 5 buds on the current seasons growth also known as fruiting spurs. Female plants produce fruit while male plants only produce flowers for pollination. Harvest fruit in Autumn while it is still firm and ripen at room temperature, or in a paper bag with an apple or banana. Plants lose their leaves in Winter and are frost hardy when dormant, but flowers and young tips may need some frost protection in early Spring. Kiwifruit vines prefer a full sun to part shade position in the garden that is protected from strong winds.
獼猴桃在當(dāng)季的生長(zhǎng)中結(jié)出果實(shí)，這些果實(shí)是從一年樹齡的木材（上一季的藤條）上的芽長(zhǎng)出來的。果實(shí)是在當(dāng)前季節(jié)生長(zhǎng)的前3-5個(gè)芽上形成的，也稱為果刺。雌性植物會(huì)結(jié)果，而雄性植物只會(huì)開花授粉。在秋天收獲水果時(shí)，要確保它仍然堅(jiān)硬，在室溫下成熟，或者裝在紙袋里，里面放一個(gè)蘋果或香蕉。植物在冬天會(huì)落葉，在休眠時(shí)會(huì)耐寒，但早春時(shí)花朵和幼嫩的尖端可能需要一些防凍保護(hù)。獼猴桃藤更喜歡在花園中陽(yáng)光充足而部分遮蔭的位置，以防止強(qiáng)風(fēng)。
▲綠心獼猴桃
Benefits of Growing Kiwifruit
The Kiwifruit is a long-lived plant and grows vigorously. They can provide shade during Summer and let the sunlight in during Winter. Kiwifruit is an excellent source of vitamin C, potassium and calcium. They are packed with an array of nutrients, fibre and antioxidants. Kiwifruit are great eaten by themselves, in smoothies or in fruit salads.
種植獼猴桃的好處
獼猴桃是一種長(zhǎng)壽植物，生長(zhǎng)旺盛。它們可以在夏天提供遮蔭，在冬天讓陽(yáng)光照射進(jìn)來。獼猴桃是維生素C、鉀和鈣的極好來源。它們富含一系列營(yíng)養(yǎng)素、纖維和抗氧化劑。獼猴桃可以單獨(dú)食用，也可以做成奶昔或水果沙拉。
▲陽(yáng)光金果G3獼猴桃
How to Grow Kiwifruit
Climatic Zones
Cool, temperate, arid.
氣候帶
涼爽、溫和、干旱。
Plant Size
Height: 5-10m, Width: 5-10m
工廠規(guī)模
高度：5-10m，寬度：5-10m
When To Plant Kiwifruit
Plant anytime.
何時(shí)種植獼猴桃
隨時(shí)種植。
Soil Preparation
They like a moist, well drained and slightly acidic soil. Prepare your soil by adding compost and well broken down manure.
土壤準(zhǔn)備
它們喜歡濕潤(rùn)、排水良好、微酸的土壤。通過添加堆肥和分解良好的肥料來準(zhǔn)備土壤。
How To Plant Kiwifruit
Plant in full sun, with the plant crown at soil level.
如何種植獼猴桃
在陽(yáng)光充足的地方種植，樹冠與土壤齊平。
▲Golden Kiwi Orchard
The vine is best planted facing North or where it can get 4 to 6 hours of direct Summer sunlight it needs to ripen the fruit. Make sure that it is protected from strong winds.
葡萄藤最好朝北種植，或者在夏天可以獲得4到6小時(shí)的直射陽(yáng)光的地方種植，以使果實(shí)成熟。確保它免受強(qiáng)風(fēng)的侵襲。
▲New Zealand Kiwi Orchard
Dig the planting hole twice as wide and to the same depth as the root-ball.
Kiwifruit need something strong to grow on such as a fence, pergola or trellis.
將種植孔挖兩倍寬，深度與根球相同。
獼猴桃需要堅(jiān)固的東西才能生長(zhǎng)，比如柵欄、涼棚或棚架。
▲New Zealand Kiwi Orchard
Kiwifruit Plant Care
Water well during the growing season, especially once flowers start setting fruit. Kiwifruits dislike having wet feet. Try to avoid over watering and ensure that the soil is well draining.
獼猴桃植物護(hù)理
在生長(zhǎng)季節(jié)，尤其是花朵開始結(jié)果后，要澆水。獼猴桃不喜歡腳濕。盡量避免過度澆水，確保土壤排水良好。
▲新西蘭奇異果園
Mulch annually to retain moisture, suppress weeds and add nutrients.
Kiwifruit need to be fertilised regularly, at least twice a year in Spring and Autumn. A complete fertiliser or well broken down animal manure is ideal.
每年覆蓋一次，以保持水分，抑制雜草并增加營(yíng)養(yǎng)。
獼猴桃需要定期施肥，每年春秋兩季至少施肥兩次。一個(gè)完整的肥料或分解良好的動(dòng)物糞便是理想的。
▲新西蘭奇異果園
When pruning each year, maintain a central trunk, and some strong horizontal arms. Remember that fruiting spurs will grow off one year old growth. Remove any tips that flop too far from your frame. Prune laterals back to 2 or 3 buds beyond previous seasons crop. If overcrowding occurs you can remove some laterals completely. If the vines grow too quickly in Summer, prune back the growth. If any laterals become broken of diseased remove them. Prune male plants after flowering.
每年修剪時(shí)，要保持中央樹干，以及一些強(qiáng)壯的橫臂。記住，果刺會(huì)從一年前的生長(zhǎng)中長(zhǎng)出來。去除任何離你的身體太遠(yuǎn)的尖端。將側(cè)芽修剪回前季作物的2或3個(gè)芽。如果出現(xiàn)過度擁擠的情況，你可以完全移除一些側(cè)支。如果葡萄藤在夏天長(zhǎng)得太快，就修剪一下。如果任何一側(cè)骨折或患病，請(qǐng)將其切除。開花后修剪雄株。
▲新西蘭奇異果包裝廠
Tips: It is impossible to tell the male and female plants apart when not in flower so it is recommended to prune the male plant as soon as it has finished flowering.
小貼士：不開花時(shí)，無法區(qū)分雄株和雌株，因此建議雄株開花后立即修剪。
Protect your kiwifruits from possums and birds by placing a net over your vines during fruiting time.
在果實(shí)生長(zhǎng)期間，在葡萄藤上放一張網(wǎng)，保護(hù)你的獼猴桃免受負(fù)鼠和鳥類的侵害。
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